HYFabricsupply is a professional non-woven fabric manufacturer of high quality Polypropylene Non-woven Fabric, Polyester spunbonded non-woven fabric, Spunlaced non-woven fabric,and more.
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Viscose fiber is a regenerated cellulose fiber made from natural cellulose (such as wood, cotton linters) through chemical treatment. Due to its combination of the skin-friendliness of natural fibers and the processability of synthetic fibers, it has become one of the important raw materials in the production of spunlace nonwovens, especially widely used in the hygiene and beauty industries. The following is an analysis from the aspects of core characteristics, types, and application in the spunlace process:
Excellent Hydrophilicity and Hygroscopicity
The moisture regain of viscose fiber is as high as 13%-15% (far exceeding 0.4% of polyester). Its molecular structure contains a large number of hydroxyl groups (-OH), which can quickly absorb water (the water absorption rate can reach 8-10 times its own weight), and the water diffusion speed is fast, enabling spunlace nonwovens to have excellent moisture absorption and air permeability (air permeability ≥4000L/m²·h). It is particularly suitable for products that directly contact the skin, such as wet wipes and mask cloths.
Soft, Skin-Friendly, and Biocompatible
The fiber surface is smooth, with a soft touch like cotton, and non-irritating (meeting safety certifications such as OEKO-TEX® Standard 100). After being entangled by high-pressure water flow in the spunlace process, the fabric surface becomes more delicate (hand roughness ≤50μm), suitable for people with sensitive skin (such as baby wipes and medical dressings).
Good Spinnability and Entanglement
Viscose fiber has moderate dry and wet strength (dry strength 2.2-3.0cN/dtex, wet strength 1.0-1.5cN/dtex). During the spunlace process, it can not only withstand the impact of high-pressure water flow of 50-200bar but also tightly entangle with other fibers (such as polyester and cotton) to form a uniform and stable fiber web, which is not easy to break or lint.
Easily Degradable and Environmentally Friendly
As a regenerated cellulose fiber, viscose fiber can be completely degraded in the natural environment (degradation rate ≥90% within 6 months), which is in line with the current environmental protection trend, especially suitable for scenarios with high requirements for ecological friendliness (such as disposable hygiene products and compostable packaging).
According to process differences and performance focus, viscose fibers for spunlace are mainly divided into:
Regular Viscose Staple Fibers
Length: 38-64mm (51mm is commonly used in the spunlace process to balance web uniformity and entanglement efficiency);
Linear density: 1.5-3.3dtex (fine denier fibers such as 1.5-2.2dtex are used for high-end products such as mask cloths, and coarse denier fibers such as 3.3dtex are used for heavy-duty wipes);
Characteristics: Moderate cost, excellent hydrophilicity, and is the basic raw material for sanitary fabrics.
High Wet Modulus Viscose Fiber (Modal)
Performance upgrade: The wet strength is 30%-50% higher than that of regular viscose (wet strength ≥1.8cN/dtex), reducing strength loss during spunlace post-treatment;
Advantages: It combines the softness of viscose with higher dimensional stability (wet shrinkage rate ≤3%), suitable for products with durability requirements (such as facial cleansers and makeup remover wipes).
Superfine Viscose Staple Fibers (Lyocell, a viscose-derived fiber)
Linear density ≤1.0dtex (such as 0.8dtex), fiber diameter is only 3-5μm. After spunlacing, it can form a delicate fabric surface similar to "silk" with low light transmittance (≤30%) and good light permeability. It is the core raw material for high-end mask cloths (such as "invisible masks"), but the cost is high (about 2-3 times that of regular viscose).
Fiber Parameters | Influence on Spunlace Fabric Performance | Optimized Selection for Typical Application Scenarios |
Linear Density (dtex) | Fine denier fibers → the fabric surface is more delicate and has good oxygen permeability (oxygen permeability ≥3000cm³/m²·h); Coarse denier → the fabric is stiff and has large water absorption | Mask cloth selects 1.5dtex; Kitchen wipes select 3.3dtex |
Length (mm) | Too short (<38mm) → loose entanglement and easy linting; Too long (>64mm) → easy wrinkling during web laying | Sanitary fabrics select 51mm; Thick fabrics (≥60g/m²) select 64mm |
Wet Strength (cN/dtex) | Too low wet strength (<1.0) → easy to stretch and deform during drying after spunlacing; Too high wet strength → hard hand feel | Regular wet wipes select 1.2-1.5cN/dtex; Medical fabrics select ≥1.5cN/dtex |
Pure Viscose Spunlace Fabric (100% viscose):
It focuses on high hydrophilicity and environmental protection, with a weight usually 20-60g/m². It is suitable for high-end mask cloths (such as 30g/m² invisible masks) and medical gauze substitutes. High wet modulus viscose should be selected to reduce deformation.
Viscose-Polyester Blended Spunlace Fabric (50%-80% viscose + 20%-50% polyester):
Viscose is used to improve skin-friendliness, and polyester is used to enhance durability (tear strength is increased by more than 40%). It is the mainstream formula for wet wipes and facial cleansers (such as 60% viscose + 40% polyester), balancing water absorption and strength.
Viscose-Cotton Blended Spunlace Fabric (30%-70% viscose + 30%-70% cotton):
It combines the high water absorption of viscose and the natural softness of cotton, suitable for baby wipes and sensitive skin care products. The cotton component can improve the fabric bulkiness (thickness increased by 10%-20%).
Fiber Combination | Water Absorption (g/g) | Tear Strength (N/5cm) | Application Scenarios |
100% Viscose | 8-10 | 8-12 | High-end masks, medical dressings |
60% Viscose + 40% Polyester | 5-7 | 15-20 | Wet wipes, facial cleansers |
50% Viscose + 50% Cotton | 7-9 | 10-15 | Baby care products, sensitive skin products |
Humidity Control: Viscose fiber has strong hygroscopicity, so the humidity in the production environment should be controlled at 50%-60% to avoid fiber moisture absorption and agglomeration affecting the uniformity of web laying;
Adaptation to Spunlace Pressure: Due to the low wet strength, the spunlace pressure is recommended to be controlled at 80-150bar (lower than 200-300bar of pure polyester) to prevent excessive fiber breakage;
Drying Temperature: Low-temperature drying (80-100℃) is adopted to avoid fiber embrittlement caused by high temperature (dry strength loss ≤5%).
Viscose fiber, with its characteristics of "natural environmental protection + high hydrophilicity + super softness", occupies an irreplaceable position in the hygiene and beauty fields of spunlace nonwovens. Its blended combination with polyester, cotton and other fibers can balance performance and cost, meeting the full range of needs from low-end wipes to high-end medical beauty masks. When selecting, it is necessary to match the appropriate fiber type and ratio according to the product's water absorption requirements, durability needs and environmental protection standards.
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